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16 August 2011

Prehistoric burial on Dartmoor reveals its secrets

Whitehorse Hill cist digAn exciting discovery was made by archaeologists working for Dartmoor National Park Authority on Dartmoor last week while excavating a prehistoric burial situated at over 600 metres above sea level on the north moor.

The cist, a Scheduled Monument at risk, was set within an eroding island of peat and was first discovered over 10 years ago.  Attempts to prevent its further deterioration failed because of its exposed location and the excavation was crucial to help record the important fabric and content of the monument before they are totally lost.   It is thought to be over a century since a burial cist on Dartmoor was excavated.

Late on Wednesday 10 August archaeologists lifted the top stones of the cist and found what appears toWhitehorse Hill contents be part of the contents of the burial surviving above the base stone of the cist, these include bone fragments, a shale bead and organic remains.   Two sharpened stakes were also found outside the cist, one lay horizontally but the other was placed vertically into the peat against one of the end stones, lying on the base stone of the cist.   

The finds are now with a scientific laboratory where micro excavation of the contents will take place, followed by analysis of the various remains and radio carbon dating to establish the age of the burial.  Dating and studies of pollen, plant and other biological remains preserved in the surrounding peat will also take place which should establish what the local and wider landscape was like when the cist was built.

The project is led and partly funded by Dartmoor National Park Authority with co-funding from other sources including English Heritage.

Cists are stone built chests used for the burial of cremations or inhumations, and are found in the SW and elsewhere but are rarely found with their original contents.  Some 200 cists are known on Dartmoor.  They may be sunk into the ground or inserted into barrows or mounds although on Dartmoor the Whitehorse Hill cist is the only known example set within a peat mound.

Ends

For further information from Dartmoor National Park Authority

Jane Marchand, Senior Archaeologist
Mike Nendick, Communications Officer, Dartmoor National Park Authority
Tel: (01626) 832093

For further information from English Heritage

Renee Fok, Senior Communications Manager, English Heritage
Tel: 0207 973 3297.

Notes for Editors

The cist was discovered when its end stone fell out of the peat mound which had been concealing it.
At that time a temporary wall was erected in front of this area in an attempt to protect the archaeology which it may still contain.  The cist is particularly unusual because of its situation within peat and its apparent isolation from other known archaeological sites.

There are nearly 200 surviving cists on Dartmoor and over 90% of these have their long sides orientated in a NW/SE direction.  The reason for this particular orientation is not clearly understood, but it was obviously of significance to the prehistoric grave builders.  

The best known cists are probably those to be found at Merrivale (NGR SX 55487476) at Drizzlecombe (NGR SX 59156721) and the cist which now can be seen in the garden of the High Moorland Visitor Centre.  This cist was originally situated below Thornworthy Tor, Chagford, close to Fernworthy reservoir and is one of two which were discovered within a burial mound in 1879.   It was excavated by William Pengelly, a prominent Torquay archaeologist and geologist.  Unfortunately it was ransacked before he completed his excavation, all that remained were some discarded beaker pottery fragments and a few flint tools.  

Following Pengelly’s excavation the landowner donated the cist to the newly opened Torquay Museum which was run by the Torquay Natural History Society, both of which Pengelly had been instrumental in founding.  Torquay Museum having rearranged their major exhibits no longer had sufficient floor space for the cist and it is now on loan to the Dartmoor National Park Authority and is situated in the garden at the back of the Visitor Centre.

Find out more about Dartmoor’s prehistoric past at the Going for Bronze exhibition, a partnership exhibition between Dartmoor National Park Authority and the Royal Albert Memorial Museum (RAMM), Exeter. The exhibition has been updated for 2011and tells the story of life, death and landscape during Dartmoor’s Bronze Age.

New displays have been added, including an update on the findings from previous excavations of a round house within Bellever plantation and the results of the Time Team investigations of a prehistoric ceremonial complex at Tottiford Reservoir in August 2010.  Flint tools discovered at Tottiford are also on show.

The exhibition will be on display at the Dartmoor National Park Information Centre, Postbridge, for the summer season.

 Dartmoor National Park Authority’s purposes under the Environment Act 1995 are:

•    to conserve and enhance the natural beauty, wildlife and cultural heritage of the National Park;

•    to promote opportunities for the understanding and enjoyment of the special qualities of the area  by the public.

In carrying out this work, we are also required to seek to foster the economic and social well-being of local communities within the National Park.

Agendas for full Dartmoor National Park Authority meetings and Dartmoor National Park Authority planning meetings are available on the Authority's web site.You can receive an e-mail notification each time a News Release is issued by the Dartmoor National Park Authority. Subscribe to Dartmoor National park Authority News.

For News Releases from all UK National Parks visit www.nationalparks.gov.uk (external website, opens new window)

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There are 15 members of the National Parks family in the UK: Brecon Beacons, Dartmoor, Exmoor, Lake District, New Forest, Northumberland, North York Moors, Peak District, Pembrokeshire Coast, Snowdonia, South Downs, Yorkshire Dales, Loch Lomond & The Trossachs, the Cairngorms and the Broads.  National Parks are of special value to the whole nation because of their great beauty, their wildlife and cultural interests and the opportunities they offer for quiet enjoyment.  However, they are not nationally owned - the land is in the hands of many landowners or occupiers including farmers.  Over 34,500 people live in Dartmoor National Park and many millions of visits are made to it each year.

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